Penicillin (Na+ or K+ Salt) (K-Penn)
5 million units Very
effective for streptococci; economical and commonly used
Ampicillin 1-3 g
Use at high dilutions because it can be
irritating; NA+ salt leaves precipitate on endometrium that remains in uterus
for prolonged period
Carbenicillin 2-5 g
Reserved for persistent Pseudomonas
(synergistic efficacy with amino-glycosides); usually given on alternate days
with amino-glycosides; slightly irritating
Gentamicin Sulfate 500-1000 mg
Highly effective; generally
nonirritating when mixed with an equal volume of NaHCO3 and diluted in saline
Amikacin Sulfate 2 g
Use for Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and
persistent gram-negative organisms
Kanamycin Sulfate 1 g
Toxic to spermatozoa; do not use close
to breeding
Polymyxin B 1 million units
Gram-negative infections,
particularly Pseudomonas
Neomycin Sulfate 3-4 g
Use for sensitive E. Coli; can be
irritating; post breeding use of oral preparations containing neomycin mixed
with other antimicrobials has lowered pregnancy rates in mares
Nitrofurazones 50-60 ml
Highly questionable effectiveness
Cephazolin Sodium 1 g
First-generation cephalosporin; has
been used empirically once daily intramuscularly for 2-3 weeks; broad spectrum
effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Ticarcillin 1-3 g
Use for Pseudomonas; do not use for
Klebsiella
Naxcel (Ceftiofur Sodium) 1 g
Third-generation cephalosporin;
has been used empirically once daily either intramuscularly or by intrauterine
infusion; broad-spectrum effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria
Povidone-Iodine (1%-4% of stock solution of Betadine, which is
0.5% Povidone iodine) 1 liter (lavage solution)
If solutions are too
concentrated (e.g., >5% Betadine v/v), severe endometritis results and/or
neutrophil function is impaired; in vitro bactericidal activity is maintained
at concentrations as low as 0.01%-0.005%; indicated for lavage of uteri with
nonspecific inflammation or fungal/yeast infections; should not be left in
uterus
Nystatin 500,000 units
Primarily for yeast (e.g., Candida
albicans) in the growing phase; dilute in 100 t0 250 ml sterile water--makes an
insoluble suspension that must be vigorously mixed immediately prior to
infusion
Amphotericin B 200 mg
For infections with Aspergillus,
Candida, Mucor, or Histoplasma; dilute in 100 to 250 ml sterile water--makes a
relatively insoluble suspension
Clotrimazole 700 mg
For yeast infections (Candida spp.);
available as cream, tablets, or suppositories; preferable treatment is with
tablets crushed and mixed with 40 ml sterile water; generally infused after
uterine lavage
Miconazole 200 mg
Most efficacious for yeast infections
(Candida spp.), but has been used by some practitioners for resistant fungal
infections in mares by infusing once daily for up to 10 days; dilute in 40-6-
ml sterile saline prior to infusion Drugs for Aggressive Reproductive
Management
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (5% of stock solution) 50-100 ml
Used as penetrating agent to carry drugs; effectiveness and safety unknown
EDTA-TRIS (1.2 g NaEDTA + 6.05 g TRIS/L of H20, titrated to pH
8.0 with glacial acetic acid) 250 ml, then infuse antibiotic 3 hours later
EDTA theoretically binds Ca++ in bacterial cell walls, making cell wall
permeable to antibiotic and thus more susceptible; use confined to persistent
Pseudomonas infections